基于残余强度修正的岩石损伤软化统计本构模型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹瑞琅  贺少辉  韦京  王芳 《岩土力学》2013,34(6):1652-1660

岩石随着围压的增大,残余强度的增加幅度比峰值强度大,残余强度逐渐成为影响岩石全应力-应变曲线峰后段的主要因素,因此,建立岩石损伤软化统计本构模型时,对残余强度进行修正是非常必要的。基于岩石应变强度理论以及岩石微元强度服从Weibull随机分布的假设,考虑岩石峰后残余强度对损伤变量进行修正,在微元破坏符合Hoek-Brown屈服准则条件下,建立了能够反映岩石峰后软化特征的三维损伤统计本构模型;依据岩石试验全应力-应变曲线的几何特征,推导出本构模型参数的数学表达式,并基于花岗岩室内试验数据对模型参数进行探讨,研究了Weibull分布参数与本构模型的关系,探讨了损伤修正系数的取值和岩石累积损伤的扩展过程;将建立的本构模型理论曲线与4种岩石（斑状二长花岗岩、细晶大理岩、砂岩和粉砂质泥岩）不同围压下的常规三轴压缩试验曲线进行对比分析,结果表明,该模型能很好地描述岩石破裂过程的全应力-应变关系和表征岩石残余强度特征。这对于岩石损伤软化问题以及岩石加固处理措施的研究均具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构的工作机制初探     

魏焕卫  张勇 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):278-284

针对新型托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构,假定沉降大于托换桩沉降范围内的坡顶建筑物荷载全部转移至托换桩,阐述托换桩-土钉墙组合支护的工作机制,对支护结构的变形协调机制和荷载传递路径进行探讨,提出支护结构侧向变形、坡顶沉降以及托换桩沉降及内力的计算方法。参数及对比分析表明,相对传统的复合土钉墙支护,新型托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构可以很明显地减小支护结构的变形和内力,随坡顶荷载的增加托换支护法中支护结构的内力和变形的增速明显小于复合土钉墙的内力和变形增速,随微型桩水平间距的增加支护结构的变形和内力都增加,微型桩嵌固深度的增加对支护结构的内力和变形影响较小。  相似文献   

高压下华北北缘二辉麻粒岩电导率的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李朋  周文戈  龚超颖  范大伟  魏舒怡  谢鸿森 《地球物理学报》2010,53(10):2386-2395

借助于YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶固体高压设备,在1.0~2.0 GPa、523~1173 K条件下,利用Agilent 34401A数字电表和Solartron IS-1260阻抗-增益/相位分析仪,同时使用三种方法:交流阻抗谱法(频率范围0.05~10⁶ Hz)、单频交流法(0.1 Hz)和直流法测量了华北北缘二辉麻粒岩的电导率.结果表明:在实验的温度和压力范围内,二辉麻粒岩电导率的变化在2.66×10^-5~0.056 S·m^-1之间,电导率对压力没有很强的依赖性;随着温度的升高,电导率增大,遵循Arrenhius关系式,其指前因子为8.95~17.9 S·m^-1,活化能为0.569~0.605 eV.对比三种方法获得的电导率数据,发现阻抗谱法测量结果大于单频法测量结果,直流法测得的结果最低,但是,三种方法获得的电导率差值除两个低温点外,绝大多数都很小(Δlgσ<0.20 lg(S/m)).结合现今华北克拉通地热学参数及地壳分层结构,依据实验获得的电导率温度关系建立了电导率-深度剖面.并将其与大地电磁测深获得的地壳电性结构进行了对比,结果表明二辉麻粒岩的电导率与华北北缘的中地壳底部和下地壳底部电导率值的区域相交,再结合高温高压下二辉麻粒岩的弹性波速度剖面与地震折射剖面的对比,认为二辉麻粒岩有可能是组成华北北缘下地壳的岩石之一.  相似文献   

Semi‐active tuned mass damper building systems: Application     

Min‐Ho Chey  J. Geoffrey Chase  John B. Mander  Athol J. Carr 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(1):69-89

Seismic performance attributes of multi‐story passive and semi‐active tuned mass damper (PTMD and SATMD) building systems are investigated for 12‐story moment resisting frames modeled as ‘10+2’ stories and ‘8+4’ stories. Segmented upper portion of the stories are isolated as a tuned mass, and a passive viscous damper or semi‐active resetable device is adopted as energy dissipation strategy. The semi‐active approach uses feedback control to alter or manipulate the reaction forces, effectively re‐tuning the system depending on the structural response. Optimum tuned mass damper control parameters and appropriate matching SATMD configurations are adopted from a companion study on a simplified two‐degree‐of‐freedom system. Statistical performance metrics are presented for 30 probabilistically scaled earthquake records from the SAC project. Time history analyses are used to compute response reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard intensities. Results show that large SATMD systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi‐degree‐of freedom systems across a broad range of ground motions in comparison to passive solutions. Specific results include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which SATMD and PTMD systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Additionally, variability is seen to be tighter for the SATMD systems across the suites of ground motions used, indicating a more robust control system. While the overall efficacy of the concept is shown the major issues, such as isolation layer displacement, are discussed in detail not available in simplified spectral analyses, providing further insight into the dynamics of these issues for these systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Micro‐geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales     

Xin‐Rong Li  Min‐Zhu He  Stefan Zerbe  Xiao‐Jun Li  Li‐Chao Liu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(8):932-940

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous communities of diminutive organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses and others associated closely with particles of surface soil, forming a cohesive thin horizontal layer. The ecological roles of BSCs affecting soil nutrient cycling, stability and hydrological processes, influencing the germination and establishment of vascular plants, and serving as habitats for numerous arthropods and microorganism have been well documented. We tested the hypothesis that micro‐geomorphological features determine the spatial distribution of BSCs by reallocating related abiotic resources at small‐ and medium‐scales in the Tengger Desert. Our results showed that higher soil pH and higher total potassium content in topsoil positively correlated with the colonization of cyanobacteria and algae in the earliest successional stages of BSCs, while increasing dust deposition onto the topsoil enhanced the development of lichen and mosses in the later stages of BSCs. Increasing soil moisture raised the proportion of mosses and lichen in BSCs, this will possibly change the ecological functions of BSCs, such as nitrogen‐fixation by cyanobacteria, due to the conversion from a complex to relative simple type of BSC. Micro‐geomorphology has created various habitats at a small‐scale affecting colonization and development of cryptogams. This paper considers the contribution of micro‐geomorphology to biodiversity in the extreme arid desert systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Oil and gas potential assessment for coal measure source rocks on absolute concentration of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons     

Zhao  HongJing  Zhang  Min  Wang  ZhiYong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,53(1):51-57

From the viewpoint of environmental remote-sensing applications, this article explains the overall technical characteristics of the Chinese HJ-1A and HJ-1B satellites. It also investigates the spectral characteristics and potential applications of charge-coupled devices, and the infrared and hyperspectral data obtained by the satellites. Examples of applications, such as the remote-sensing monitoring of algal bloom in Taihu Lake, straw burning in southern China, and aerosol optical depth in the area around Bohai sea are presented. These examples illustrate the application characteristics of the HJ-1A and HJ-1B satellite data.  相似文献   

Conductivity structure and rheological property of lithosphere in Southern Tibet inferred from super-broadband magnetotelluric sounding   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Martyn UNSWORTH  Alan G.JONES 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(2)

To understand deep lithosphere structure beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau more comprehensively and objectively and to explore important scientific issues,such as characteristics of plateau lithospheric deformation,state of strain,thermal structure,plate (or terrane) movement,and crust-mantle rheology,it is necessary to research the variation of crust-mantle electrical structure in the east-west direction in every geological unit.For this purpose,six super-broadband magnetotelluric (MT) sounding profiles ha...  相似文献   

福建漳州地区典型土动力特性的试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

连玉平  张颖  蔡辉腾  张锦福  郑师春  赵志伟  危福泉 《地震工程学报》2010,32(4):363-366

通过对福建漳州地区淤泥、粉质粘土、粉质粘土与粉砂互层土、残积土等4类典型土的共振柱试验,探讨了围压大小、土的性质对这4类典型土的动剪切模量G及阻尼比γ的影响,给出了在不同围压下的G/Gmax和λ/λmax随γ变化的平均曲线及其参数的推荐值,并定量的给出围压对参数的影响规律。结果对实际工程具有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

ESR dating of Pleistocene archaeological localities of the Nihewan Basin,North China – Preliminary results     

Chun-Ru Liu  Gong-Ming Yin  Lu Gao  Jean-Jacques Bahain  Jian-Ping Li  Min Lin  Shi-Ming Chen 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):385-390

The well-developed, late Cenozoic Nihewan Beds in northern China are amongst the most famous and well-preserved Quaternary strata in East Asia. The Nihewan Basin is also well-known for its mammalian fossils and stone artifacts, which document early human settlements in high northern latitudes (around 40°N). It is a key geological place to study palaeoenvironments and ancient human activities due to the excellent age-control of the formation by palaeomagnetism. In the present paper, the sediments of two Paleolithic sites were dated using the ESR signals of the titanium center in quartz. In order to check the reliability of our analytical procedures, a reference sample collected near the Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) boundary at the Donggutuo site was firstly analyzed, yielding an age of 750 ± 88 ka. Then, three samples collected from the Dongpo site were analyzed by the same procedures. Our ESR results indicate that the age of the Dongpo cultural layer ranges between 304 ± 12 ka and 333 ± 23 ka, with an average of approximately 321 ± 15 ka.  相似文献   

青海循化盆地晚更新世沉积序列与古气候     

韩芳  张克信  韦一  季军良  徐亚东  陈奋宁  寇晓虎 《地球科学》2010,35(5):849-856

河流阶地作为河谷中常见地貌, 其堆积物特征对气候变化过程研究具有重要的意义.通过对循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地剖面沉积特征、粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及光释光测年的研究, 初步厘定循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地形成时代为75 ka.循化盆地晚更新世气候演化可以大致划分为6个阶段: 120~114 ka, 气候暖湿; 114~105 ka, 气候较为干冷; 105~98 ka, 气候较暖湿; 98~85 ka, 气候转为温凉; 85~75 ka, 气候暖湿; 75~63 ka, 气候干冷.这6个阶段分别与MIS5e-4段相对应.   相似文献